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Whales

Whales are marine mammals of order Cetacea which are neither dolphins—members, in other words, of the families Delphinidae or Platanistoidae—nor porpoises. They include the blue whale, the largest living animal. Orcas, colloquially referred to as "killer whales", and pilot whales have whale in their name but for the purpose of biological classification they are actually dolphins. For centuries whales have been hunted for meat and as a source of valuable raw materials. By the middle of the 20th century, large-scale industrial whaling had left many species seriously endangered.

The Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder of baleen whales (called Mysticeti).^[3] At up to 32.9 metres (108 feet) in length and 172 metric tonnes (190 short tons)^[4] or more in weight, it is the largest animal ever to have existed.^[5]

Long and slender, the Blue Whale's body can be various shades of bluish-grey dorsally and somewhat lighter underneath.^[6] There are at least three distinct subspecies: B. m. musculus of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia of the Southern Ocean and B. m. brevicauda (also known as the Pygmy Blue Whale) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. B. m. indica, found in the Indian Ocean, may be another subspecies. As with other baleen whales, its diet consists almost exclusively of small crustaceans known as krill.

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Tuna

Tuna are several species of ocean-dwelling carnivorous fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Tunas are very fast swimmers—they have been clocked at 70 km/h (45 mph)—and include several species that are warm-blooded. Unlike most fish species, which have white flesh, tuna have flesh that is pink to dark red, giving them the common name "the rose of the sea". The red coloring comes from tuna muscle tissue's greater quantities of myoglobin, an oxygen-binding molecule. Some of the larger tuna species, such as the bluefin tuna, can raise their blood temperature above that of the water through muscular activity. This ability enables them to live in cooler waters and to survive in a wide range of ocean environments.

While the fishing of many stocks of tuna is sustainable, it is widely accepted that bluefin tuna have been severely overfished, with some stocks at risk of collapse.^[1]

The Eastern Pacific Ocean bigeye is also in need of better management in order to maintain sustainability and, in fact, the world's major tuna canneries involved with the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) have agreed to not source from that stock if meaningful conservation measures are not put in place by September 1, 2009.

Many tuna species associate with dolphins, swimming alongside them. These include yellowfin tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean, but not albacore or skipjack. The reason for the association is believed to be the avoidance of dolphins by sharks, which are predators of tuna. Swimming near dolphins reduces the likelihood of the tuna being attacked by a shark.^[7]

Association with Whales

In 2005 Nauru, defending its vote at that year's meeting of the International Whaling Commission, argued that commercial whaling is a necessity for preserving stocks of tuna and the sustainability of that country's fishing fleet.

Association with Dolphins

Fishing vessels can exploit this association by searching for pods of dolphins. They encircle the pod with nets to catch the tuna beneath.^[8] The nets are prone to entangling dolphins, thus injuring or killing them. As a result of public outcry, methods have been made more "dolphin friendly", now generally involving lines rather than nets. However, there are neither universal independent inspection programs nor verification of "dolphin safeness" to show that dolphins are not harmed during tuna fishing. According to Consumers Union, the resulting lack of accountability means claims that tuna that is "dolphin safe" should be given little credence.

Fishery practices have changed to be dolphin friendly, which has caused higher bycatches of other organisms such as sharks, turtles and other oceanic fish. This happened because fishermen no longer follow the dolphins coming up for air, but concentrate their fisheries around floating objects that attract great numbers of oceanic organisms other than tuna. The public preference for marine mammals which are not particularly endangered actually results in decline of endangered species

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Whale Rider
A Movie poster for Whale Rider
Directed by	Niki Caro
Produced by	John Barnett Frank Hübner Tim Sanders
Written by	Witi Ihimaera (novel) Niki Caro (screenplay/film)
Starring	Keisha Castle-Hughes Rawiri Paratene Vicky Haughton Cliff Curtis
Music by	Lisa Gerrard
Cinematography	Leon Narbey
Editing by	David Coulson
Distributed by	Newmarket Films (USA) Buena Vista International (non-USA)
Release date(s)	January 30, 2003 (New Zealand) 4 July 2003 (USA)
Running time	101 min.
Country	New Zealand
Language	English Māori
Budget	NZD 6,000,000 (est.)
Gross revenue	$41,442,113

Whale Rider is a 2002 film directed by Niki Caro, based on the 1987 novel The Whale Rider by New Zealand Māori author Witi Ihimaera. The world premiere was on September 9, 2002, at the Toronto International Film Festival.

Synopsis

The movie's plot follows the story of Paikea Apirana ("Pai") at the age of 12 who is the only living child in the line of the tribe's chiefly succession because of the death of her twin brother and mother during childbirth. By tradition, the leader should be the first-born son — a direct patrilineal descendant of Paikea, the Whale Rider — he who rode atop a whale from Hawaiki. However, Pai is female and technically cannot inherit the leadership.

Paikea

According to Māori tradition, Paikea is an ancestor of Ngāti Porou, a Māori tribe of the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. Paikea is the name assumed by Kahutia-te-rangi because he was assisted by humpback whales (paikea) to survive an attempt on his life by his half-brother Ruatapu.
Paikea not only rode from Hawaiki on a whale which swam on the surface to keep him from getting wet, he cooked a crayfish on a fire with wood he had brought with him for the purpose, but took so long doing so that the heat from the fire which was on top of the wood was reaching the whale's skin, and becoming so hot that the whale was on the verge of diving.

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The killer whale or orca (Orcinus orca), less commonly, blackfish or seawolf, is the largest species of the Dolphin family. It is found in all the world's oceans, from the frigid Arctic and Antarctic regions to warm, tropical seas. Killer whales are versatile and opportunistic marine apex predators. Some populations feed mostly on bony fish while others hunt sharks and marine mammals, including sea lions, seals, walruses and even large whales. There are up to five distinct killer whale types distinguished by geographical range, preferred prey items and physical appearance. Some of these may be separate races, subspecies or even species.^[3] Killer whales are highly social; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups, which are the most stable of any animal species.^[4] The sophisticated social behavior, hunting techniques, and vocal behavior of killer whales have been described as manifestations of culture.^[5]

Although the killer whale population as a whole is not considered to be an endangered species, some local populations are considered threatened or endangered due to depletion of prey species and habitat loss, pollution by PCBs, captures for marine mammal parks, and conflicts with vessels. In late 2007, the killer whales known as the "southern resident killer whales," were placed on the U.S. Endangered Species list

Tuna
Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares

Bottlenose Dolphin breaching in the bow wave of a boat

Dolphins are marine mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. They vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (90 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (9.8 LT; 11 ST) (the Orca or Killer Whale). They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. The family Delphinidae is the largest in the Cetacean order, and relatively recent: dolphins evolved about ten million years ago, during the Miocene. Dolphins are among the most intelligent animals and their often friendly appearance and seemingly playful attitude have made them popular in human culture.

Bio: Keisha Castle-Hughes (born 24 March 1990) is a New Zealand film actress who rose to prominence playing Paikea "Pai" Apirana, in the 2002 film Whale Rider. She was cast in the film as "Pai Apirana" at age eleven. Whale Rider was nominated for many awards, including an Academy Award for Best Actress of which she was the youngest female nominated in the Best Actress category and an award at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards for Best Actress, which she won in 2004.

Since she made her film debut, Castle-Hughes has appeared in various films including Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) and Hey, Hey, It's Esther Blueburger (2008). She also appeared as the main character, playing the role of the Virgin Mary, in the film The Nativity Story in (2006).

Physalia physalis

The Portuguese Man o' War (Physalia physalis), also known as the blue bubble, blue bottle, man-of-war, or the Portuguese man of war, is a jelly-like, marine invertebrate of the family Physaliidae, order Siphonophora, class Hydrozoa, and phylum Cnidaria.

The common name comes from a Portuguese war ship type of the 15th and 16th century, the man-of-war (named caravela-portuguesa in Portuguese, caravel), which had triangular sails similar in outline to the bladder of the Portuguese Man O' War.

They are commonly but erroneously thought of and referred to as a jellyfish. In fact, a Portuguese Man O' War is not a single animal, but rather a siphonophore – a colony of four kinds of minute, highly modified individuals, which are specialized polyps and medusoids.^[1] Each such zooid in these pelagic colonial hydroids or hydrozoans has a high degree of specialization and, although structurally similar to other solitary animals, are all attached to each other and physiologically integrated rather than living independently. Such zooids are specialised to such an extent that they lack the structures associated with other functions and are therefore dependent for survival on the others to do what the particular zooid cannot do by itself.

A similar group of animals are the chondrophores, which are specialised hydroids that float at the surface of the open ocean.

The Portuguese Man O' War is infamous for swarming in groups of thousands and for their painful stings

The Portugese Man o' War is one animal which will deter an Orca, so painful are its stings.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ut9XX96XS4c

Fact or Fiction

The Portugese Man o' War was genetically engineered, and the original version, although severe, was not strong enough and had to be reingineered.

The poison works by travelling up the nerve fibre and attacking each individual nerve cell which releases its "pain sensation" to the brain. They are in clusters of five, and each errupts in a sensation "much like a light-bulb exploding" destroying the nerve cell in the process. Death is usually the end result.

The stinging venom-filled nematocysts in the tentacles of the Portuguese Man O' War can paralyze small fish and other prey. Detached tentacles and dead specimens (including those which wash up on shore) can sting just as painfully as the live creature in the water, and may remain potent for hours or even days after the death of the creature or the detachment of the tentacle.

Stings usually cause severe pain to humans, leaving whip-like, red welts on the skin which normally last about 2–3 days after the initial sting, the pain should subside after about 1 hour. However, the venom can travel to the lymph nodes and may cause, depending on the amount of venom, more intense pain. A sting may lead to an allergic reaction. There can also be serious effects, including fever, shock, and interference with heart and lung action. There have even been deaths, although this is rare. Medical attention may be necessary, especially where pain persists or is intense, or there is an extreme reaction, or the rash worsens, or a feeling of overall illness develops, or a red streak develops between swollen lymph nodes and the sting, or if either area becomes red, warm and tender.

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http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Portuguese_Man_o%27_War#Venom

www.sealord.co.nz/

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The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the Royal Navy and the whole Naval Service. He also holds the title of Chief of Naval Staff and is known by the abbreviations 1SL/CNS. The current First Sea Lord is Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope (appointed July 2009).

HMS Illustrious (R06) - Flagship of the First Sea Lord

HMS Illustrious (R06) is the second of three Invincible-class light aircraft carriers built for the Royal Navy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. She is the fifth warship and second aircraft carrier to be called Illustrious, and is affectionately known as Lusty to her crew. She just missed the Falklands Conflict, but was deployed to Iraq and Bosnia in the 1990s and to Sierra Leone in 2000. A massive re-fit in 2002 meant that she missed the Iraq War, but she was finished in time to assist British Citizens trapped by the war in Lebanon. She will be replaced by HMS Queen Elizabeth.

see HMS Illustrious.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia