ParkLane

www.rainierbank.biz

Zip

Plastic and nylon zippers.

News

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipper

A zipper (British English: zip or (rarely) zip fastener) is a popular device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric. It is used in clothing (e.g. jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (e.g., tents and sleeping bags), and other daily use items.

An early device superficially similar to the zipper, "an Automatic, Continuous Clothing Closure", was patented in the United States by Elias Howe in 1851. Unlike the zipper, Howe's invention had no slider; instead a series of clasps slid freely along both edges to be joined, with each clasp holding the two sides together at whichever pair of points along them it was located. The clasps were joined together by a string, which, when pulled taut, caused the clasps to be evenly spaced along the closure, thus holding the two edges together. Pulling in the other direction caused the clasps to become bunched up at one end, by which means the device was opened.

The true zipper was the product of a series of incremental improvements over more than twenty years, by inventors and engineers associated with a sequence of companies that were the progenitors of Talon, Inc. This process began with a version called the "clasp locker", invented by American born inventor Whitcomb L. Judson of Chicago (previously of Minneapolis and New York City) in Akron, Ohio, and for which a patent (No. 504,038

) was first applied on Nov. 7, 1891. It culminated in 1914 with Gideon Sundbäck's invention of the "Hookless Fastener No. 2", the first version of the zipper without any major design flaws and essentially indistinguishable from modern zippers. In 1917 a Swiss inventor, Mathieu Burri, invented a better version, but it got rejected because of a previous patent.

Initial versions of the zipper were based on the "hook and eye" principle, rather than on interlocking teeth, and tended to come apart easily. Some versions depended on constant pressure from one side of the joined fabric in order to hold together at all, which limited applications. In the 1891 version, the slider detached entirely from the zipper when not being used to open or close.

Judson, together with business partner Harry Earle, founded the first incarnation of what was to eventually become Talon Inc., in Chicago in 1894, as the Universal Fastener Company. The design deficiencies, combined with difficulties in getting the machinery needed for mass production to work, prevented the early devices from reaching market, which led to financial hardships for the company. This in turn led to a series of reorganizations and name changes, as well as relocations, first to Catasauqua, Pennsylvania; then to Elyria, Ohio; Hoboken, New Jersey; and finally Meadville, Pennsylvania.

Interlocking teeth model Gideon Sundbäck, a Swedish-born Canadian immigrant, joined the company, then called the Automatic Hook and Eye Company, in Hoboken, in 1906. At that time the company's product, still based on hooks and eyes, was called the "C-curity Fastener". Sundbäck developed an improved version of the C-curity, called the "Plako", but it too had a strong tendency to pull apart, and wasn't any more successful than the previous versions. Sundbäck finally solved the pulling-apart problem in 1913, with his invention of the first version of the zipper based on interlocking teeth, the "Hookless Fastener No. 1".

That version, however, had a tendency to wear out quickly, and again was not a commercial success. Finally, in 1914 Sundbäck developed another version based on interlocking teeth, the "Hookless No. 2", which solved the last remaining major design defect, and opened the way to commercial success. The principle is, each tooth is punched to have a dimple on its bottom and a nib or conical projection on its top. The nib atop one tooth engages in the matching dimple in the bottom of the tooth that follows it on the other side as the two strips of teeth are brought together through the two Y channels of the slider. The teeth are crimped tightly to a strong fabric cord that is the selvage edge of the cloth tape that attaches the zipper to the garment, with the teeth on one side offset by half a tooth's height from those on the other side's tape. They are held so tightly to the cord and tape that once meshed there is not enough play to let them pull apart - - a tooth cannot rise up off the nib below it enough to break free, and its nib on top cannot drop out of the dimple in the tooth above it. The classic zipper was made of a brass alloy, a metal that has low friction and is long-wearing.

For other uses, see Brass (disambiguation).

A decorative brass paperweight, left, along with zinc and copper samples.

Brass is any alloy of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties.^[1] In comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin.^[2] Despite this distinction, some types of brasses are called bronzes. Brass is a substitutional alloy. It is used for decoration for its bright gold-like appearance; for applications where low friction is required such as locks, gears, bearings, doorknobs, ammunition, and valves; for plumbing and electrical applications; and extensively in musical instruments such as horns and bells for its acoustic properties. It is also used in zippers.

Admiralty brass contains 30% zinc, and 1% tin which inhibits dezincification in most environments.
Alpha brasses with less than 35% zinc, are malleable, can be worked cold, and are used in pressing, forging, or similar applications. They contain only one phase, with face-centered cubic crystal structure. Prince's metal or Prince Rupert's metal is a type of alpha brass containing 75% copper and 25% zinc. Due to its beautiful yellow color, it is used as an imitation of gold.^[10] The alloy was named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine.

Sundbäck's invention of the Hookless No. 2 took place while he was working for the Hookless Fastener Company in Meadville, which had previously been set up to manufacture the Hookless No. 1. Depending on which improvement one wants to consider to constitute the "invention" of the zipper, the zipper was invented either in Meadville, Chicago, or one of the other previously mentioned cities. The B. F. Goodrich Company coined the name Zipper in 1923 for the line of rubber overshoes that it made using the fastener. The name slowly came to be associated with the fastener itself, and eventually acquired generic status.

Today, such global companies as YKK, Olympic Zippers Ltd, Opti, TALON, Ideal, NEO, KCC Group, and Tex Corp, make various types of zippers including "invisible" zippers, metallic zippers, and plastic zippers.

On a CBC-produced miniseries aired in January 2007, The Greatest Canadian Invention; the Zipper placed at No. 8 on the list. It qualified because Sundbäck had been president of a Canadian-based company that was one of the earliest manufacturers of the zipper.

Over a number of years the zipper has become extremely common on many of the clothing items that are worn by everyday people all over the world.

www.tagitpacific.com/corporate/

Talon International, Inc. is an apparel company that specializes in the distribution of a range of apparel zippers and trim items to manufacturers of fashion apparel, specialty retailers and mass merchandisers. The Company manufactures and distributes zippers under the Talon brand name to manufacturers for apparel brands and retailers, such as Levi Strauss & Co., Wal-Mart and JC Penny, among others.

Brass has likely been known to humans since prehistoric times, even before zinc itself was discovered. It was produced by melting copper together with calamine, a zinc ore. In the German village of Breinigerberg, an ancient Roman settlement was discovered where a calamine ore mine existed. During the melting process, the zinc is extracted from the calamine and mixes with the copper. Pure zinc, on the other hand, has too low a boiling point to have been produced by ancient metalworking techniques. The many references to "brass" appearing throughout the King James Bible are thought to signify another bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass.

Cymbals are a common percussion instrument. Cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys; see cymbal making for a discussion of their manufacture. The greater majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note (see: crotales). Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra, percussion ensembles, jazz bands, heavy metal bands, and marching groups. Drum kits usually incorporate at least one suspended cymbal and a pair of hi-hat cymbals.

For example, in Beethoven's ninth symphony, the percussionist is employed to first play cymbals at pianissimo, adding a touch of colour rather than loud crash.

Chinese style clash cymbals in use.

Clash cymbals are usually damped by pressing them against the player's body. A composer may write laissez vibrer, "Let vibrate" (usually abbreviated l.v.), secco (dry), or equivalent indications on the score; more usually, the player must judge exactly when to damp the cymbals based on the written duration of crash and the context in which it occurs.

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WINZIP Files

http://www.winzip.com/index.htm
http://www.winzip.com/aboutzip.htm

The ZIP file format is a data compression and archive format. A ZIP file contains one or more files that have been compressed to reduce file size, or stored as-is. The ZIP file format permits a number of compression algorithms, but as of 2009^[update], the Deflate method continues to be dominant.

The format was originally created in 1986 by Phil Katz for PKZIP^[1], and evolved from the previous ARC compression format by Thom Henderson. The PKZIP format is now supported by many software utilities other than PKZIP (see List of file archivers). Microsoft has included built-in ZIP support (under the name "compressed folders") in versions of its Windows operating system since 1998. Apple has included built-in ZIP support in Mac OS X 10.3 and later.

ZIP files generally use the file extensions ".zip" or ".ZIP" and the MIME media type application/zip, although the ZIP file format has also been used by many programs, usually under a different name. Examples of this usage are Java JAR files, Mozilla Firefox Add-ons (.xpi), id Software .pk3/.pk4 files, Activity Bundles (.xo) for the Sugar learning platform, Winamp and Windows Media Player skins, OpenDocument format and Office Open XML.

ARC is a lossless data compression and archival format by System Enhancement Associates (SEA). It was very popular during the early days of networked BBS. The file format and the program were both called ARC. The ARC program essentially made obsolete the use of combinations of the SQ program to compress files and the LU program to create .LBR archives by combining the functions of both compression and archiving into a single program. ARC compresses multiple files into one - but unlike ZIP, not entire directory trees. The .arc format was the subject of quite a bit of controversy in the 1980s - an important event in the open source debate.

.arc is often also used as a file extension for several different file types that have in common that they are some kind of archive files. The Internet Archive uses their own ARC format for storing multiple web resources into a single file [1]

[2]

.
Legal
In the late 1980s a dispute arose between SEA, maker of the ARC program, and PKWARE (Phil Katz Software). SEA sued Katz for trademark and copyright infringement. The most damning evidence at trial was from an independent software expert appointed by the court to compare the two programs. He stated that PKARC was a derivative work of ARC, pointing out that comments in both programs were often identical, including spelling errors. Katz chose to settle the lawsuit and pay $62,500 to SEA to cover their legal fees.^[3] As a result of the lawsuit, Katz released one last version of his PKARC and PKXARC utilities under the new names "PKPAK" and "PKUNPAK", and from then on concentrated on developing the separate programs PKZIP and PKUNZIP, which were based on new and different file compression techniques.

Katz then went on to create his own file format, which is known worldwide now as the ZIP format (commonly called a "ZIP file"). The ZIP format was more resistant to data loss than the ARC format because of redundant catalog storage. It also was more flexible than ARC, providing room for additional optional compression algorithms and future expansion. Along with the new format, PKZIP included at least one compression algorithm more efficient than any supported by ARC. Once PKZIP was released, many users abandoned ARC because of its slower speed and less effective compression, and because SEA alienated many by seeming to suddenly assert proprietary legal rights over the ARC file format after it had become widely used among the on-line community (similar in this respect to the later GIF patents controversy).

Beyond the command line

In the mid 1990s, as more new computers included graphical user interfaces, fewer users were comfortable with the command-line operation of PKZIP. Seeing an opportunity, shareware authors began pitching compression and archival programs with graphical user interfaces, with many of these using the ZIP format; WinZip was among the most popular. PKWARE also offered a graphical version of PKZIP. These programs were easier to learn than the older command-line equivalents, but users still had to learn a specialized tool with its own interface for file archival and compression.

BitCom
http://www.bitcom.co.nz/

The term shareware, popularized by Bob Wallace^[1], refers to proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability or convenience. Shareware is often offered as a download from an Internet website or as a compact disc included with a periodical such as a newspaper or magazine. The aim of shareware is to give buyers the opportunity to use the program and judge its usefulness before purchasing a license for the full version of the software.

Shareware

Shareware is usually offered as a trial version with certain features only available after the license is purchased, or as a full version, but for a trial period. Once the trial period has passed the program may stop running until a license is purchased. Shareware is often offered without support, updates, or help menus, which only become available with the purchase of a license. The words "free trial" or "trial version" are indicative of shareware.

The term shareware is used in contrast to retail software, which refers to commercial software available only with the purchase of a license which may not be copied for others, public domain software, which refers to software not copyright protected, and freeware, which refers to copyrighted software for which the author solicits no payment (though he or she may request donations).

http://www.geocities.com/javascript_contact/bitcom46.html

(from the manual)
FUNKEY      ACT Action file used with Wyse 60 emulation.
$NOCOLOR          BitCom system file (should be deleted if using a color/graphics monitor.

MANUAL.DOC   Documentation file with information of how to print archieved files.
MANUAL.ARC Archieved file containing additional documentation for BitCom.
PKXARC.COM Utility program used to un-archieve MANUAL.ARC
For more information see: BitCom

(This information may be contentious because it is my opinion) (This software and manual was originally written and archived by me.)

Who am I? I wrote this tutorial:

http://javascriptkit.com/javatutors/primer2.shtml

The software for BitCom was written, the manual written, then archived (compressed using file compression software), then PKXARC.COM written to show how to unarchive the manual, then somebody found the file, unarchived the manual, printed it, distributed it with (the modem I bought in 1990 to go with my 386 computer running DOS 5) and presumably reverse engineered the .arc technology. There are several ways to compress files, this was just a simple one, not the best or most efficient necessarily.

PKX (ARC) stands for Phillip Kramer X, my cousin who had the computer the software was written on, and he gave it to his son Kris, who lives in Hamilton (NZ), and who still has it as far as I know.

I also wrote the DOS-5 manual Microsoft supplied with their software.
GWBasic (often called Gee Whiz Basic also stands for Grant Walter Basic, (Grant is the son of my mother's sister, another cousin).
Some of it is reproduced here:

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SKYLARK

Brass Instruments made in China.

Skylark Trumpet, (student) Good Playable Condition Lacquer Wear/Superficial Dents. Ex cond & case.
http://www.musicalwarehouse.co.uk/custrp.htm

The trumpet is a musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family.^[1] Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments,^[2] dating back to at least 1500 BC. They are constructed of brass tubing bent twice into an oblong shape, and are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the trumpet.

There are several types of trumpet; the most common is a transposing instrument pitched in B♭. The predecessors to trumpets did not have valves; however, modern trumpets have either three piston valves or three rotary valves, each of which increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch.

The trumpet is used in many forms of music, including classical music and jazz.

http://www.jazzstandards.com/compositions-0/skylark.htm

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GUANGZHOU LIGHT HOLDINGS LIMITED

(Skylark Brass Musical Instruments)

http://www.chinasuppliers.globalsources.com/china-suppliers/Skylark-Musical-Instruments.htm

http://www.globalsources.com/gsol/I/Skylark-Musical-Instruments/p/sm/1002246680.htm

http://www.gzli.com/english/index.asp
http://www.gzli.com/english/about.asp
Guangzhou Light Holdings Limited
Founded in 1956, as one of the forerunners of Import & Export Companies in China, GZLI is experienced in import and export trade, domestic distribution, OEM & ODM manufacturing as well as transportation, warehousing and advertising. Being awarded as one of the biggest 200 export companies in China, GZLI is distinguished herself in global trading of large-scale, high volume and time-sensitive consumer goods with annual revenue of about US$500 million and was listed in the Top 500 enterprises of China in 2004 and 2005.

http://www.activemusician.com/Skylark-Violins--c2406b67

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbal_alloys
Bell bronze

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James Smithson
An 1816 portrait of Smithson by Henri-Joseph Johns, now in the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution
Born	1765 Paris, France
Died	27 June 1829 (aged 64) Genoa, Liguria
Nationality	British
Fields	Mineralogy and chemistry
Alma mater	Pembroke College, University of Oxford
Known for	Proving zinc carbonates are true carbonate minerals and not zinc oxides (1802); leaving a bequest in his will to the USA which was used to initially fund the Smithsonian Institution
Notable awards	Fellow of the Royal Society (1787)

For related terms, see Smithsonian (disambiguation).

James Smithson, F.R.S., M.A. (1765 – 27 June 1829) was a British mineralogist and chemist noted for having left a bequest in his will to the United States of America, which was used to initially fund the Smithsonian Institution.

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ZIP Water Heaters

www.zipheaters.co.uk/

www.rheem.co.nz/ProductDisplay.aspx?id=178

www.waterboilersdirect.com/zip_tudor/

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ZiP Plumbing Supplies

www.zipplumbingsupplies.co.nz/

www.dux.co.nz/cms_display.php

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ZIP POST CODES

http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Resources/Business/Directories/ZipAndPostCodes/NewZealand/index.asp

http://www.nzpost.co.nz/Cultures/en-NZ/OnlineTools/PostCodeFinder/

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TRAFALGAR SQUARE

RENT $20

PRICE $240

With 1 house $100
With 2 houses $300
With 3 houses $750
With 4 houses $925

With HOTEL $1100

Mortgage value $120

Houses cost $150 each

Hotels, $150 plus 4 houses

Counter: Horse/Sheep

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PARK LANE

Rent $35
Price $350

With 1 House.. $175

With 2 Houses .$500

With 3 Houses $1,100

With 4 Houses $1,300

With HOTEL.. $1,500

Mortgage Value $175

Houses cost $200 each

Hotels, $200 plus 4 houses

Counter: Thimble/Cell Phone

If a player owns ALL the Lots of any Color-Group, the rent is Doubled on Unimproved Lots in that group.

For other uses, see Skylark (disambiguation).

Skylark

Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Alaudidae
Genus:	Alauda
Species:	A. arvensis

Binomial name

Alauda arvensis
Linnaeus, 1758

The Skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a small passerine bird species. This lark breeds across most of Europe and Asia and in the mountains of north Africa. It is mainly resident in the west of its range, but eastern populations are more migratory, moving further south in winter. Even in the milder west of its range, many birds move to lowlands and the coast in winter. Asian birds appear as vagrants in Alaska; this bird has also been introduced in Hawaii and western North America.

The Skylark is 16 to 18 cm long. It is a bird of open farmland and heath, known throughout its range for the song of the male, which is delivered in hovering flight from heights of 50 to 100 m, when the singing bird may appear as just a dot in the sky from the ground. The song generally lasts 2 to 3 minutes, but it tends to last longer later in the season. The male has broader wings than the female. This adaptation for more efficient hovering flight may have evolved because of female Skylarks' preference for males that sing and hover for longer periods and so demonstrate that they are likely to have good overall fitness.

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MARLBOROUGH STREET

Rent $14

Price $180

With 1 house $70
With 2 houses $200
With 3 houses $550
With 4 houses $750

With HOTEL $950
Mortgage value $90
Houses cost $100 each
Hotels, $100 plus 4 houses

Counter: Horse/

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OXFORD STREET

Rent $26

Price $300

With 1 house $130 (5 players)
With 2 houses $390
With 3 houses $900
With 4 houses $1100

With HOTEL $1275
Mortgage value $150
Houses cost $200 each
Hotels, $200 plus 4 houses

Counter: Hat /Biscuit Tin

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PGG Wrightson

www.pggwrightson.co.nz/index.cfm

http://74.125.155.132/search?q=

Craig Norgate is best known as the first Chief Executive Officer of dairy company Fonterra.

An accountant, he is currently the Chairman of PGG Wrightson Limited and Managing Director of Rural Portfolio Investments Limited, which owns 30 percent of the shares in PGG Wrightson.

He is also director of Westgate Port Taranaki Limited, Dexcel Limited, Aotearoa Fisheries Limited, Sealord Group Limited, and a member of the Government’s Growth and Innovation Advisory Board, the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, and the Advisory Board for the Auckland Regional Council’s Economic Development Unit.

Prior to his involvement in Rural Portfolio Investments, Craig had 15 years experience as a leader in the New Zealand dairy industry, including two years as the inaugural CEO of Fonterra Co-operative Group and, prior to that, a number of years as CEO of Kiwi Co-operative Dairies Limited.

He graduated from Massey University. In 2005 Norgate won the New Zealand Herald Business Leader of the Year award.

Fonterra Co-Operative Group Limited

Fonterra is New Zealand’s largest multinational company with revenue exceeding NZD $19.5 billion. It is a co-operative that is owned by over 11,000 farmers. The company controls around 30% of the world's dairy exports

http://www.swanndri.co.nz/

http://www.swanndri.co.nz/default.aspx?T=2

Wrightsons also manufacturs a "showerproof" pure wool shirt, with a small (6') brass zip fastener.