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Play Monopoly www.rainierrbank.biz
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JCI


Johannesburg Consolidated Investments
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JCI_Limited
http://www.jci.co.za/
This South African gold mining house was formed in 1887 around the investments of the Barnato brothers, who had already made their fortune in diamonds at Kimberley. Its early mines included Langlaagte Estate and Randfontein Estates and later Randfontein and H. J. Joel. It became an increasingly diversified industrial and mining group, with Anglo American also taking a 41% stake. In 1997 Anglo sold 30% of its holding and in 1998 JCI Gold took over the remaining interests. See JCI Gold for current activities.

JCI or Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Co. Ltd. was founded in 1889 by the British entrepreneur Barney Barnato. JCI was a major force in South African mining for over 100 years. Using his investments in the Kimberley diamond fields, particularly his 25% share in De Beers, Barnato foresaw the value of and invested in the potential of the Witwatersrand gold mines. At first he bought small but rich mines near Germiston – the New Primrose, named after his daughter, and others in the same region.

For more see Diamonds
Cecil Rhodes, who fraudulently purchased De Beers from the De Beer brothers, got his start by renting water pumps to miners during the diamond rush that started in 1871, when a 83.5 carat diamond was found on Colesburg Kopje (present day Kimberley), South Africa. He invested the profits of this operation into buying up claims of small mining operators, with his operations soon expanding into a separate mining company.[2] De Beers Consolidated Mines was formed in 1888 by the merger of the companies of Barney Barnato and Cecil Rhodes, by which time the company was the sole owner of all diamond mining operations in the country.
The agreement soon proved to be very successful - for example during the trade slump of 1891-1892, supply was simply curtailed to maintain the price.[7] Rhodes was concerned about the break up of the new monopoly, stating to shareholders in 1896 that:[6]
“ Our only risk is the sudden discovery of new mines, which human nature will work recklessly to the detriment of us all.

JCI continued

In addition to the gold mines, 25% of De Beers and a controlling interest in Rustenburg Platinum Holdings, the world’s largest platinum producer, JCI owned large industrial and property holdings, including the Houghton Estate in northern Johannesburg, and substantial shareholdings in SA Breweries, Toyota South Africa, Lennings Industrial, etc, and was long a target of developers who lusted after the property holdings. Anglo American Corporation purchased a 52% holding in JCI, agreeing to protect the company against predatory takeovers, and this situation continued until 1994.

JCI installed a technically advanced Precious Metals Refinery at Rustenburg, which processed Platinum Group metals totally in South Africa, and built a ferrochrome smelter at Lydenburg which was the first in South Africa to directly smelt chromite fine ore.

In the late 1980’s JCI started development of an ultra deep mine to the south of Western Areas, South Deep. The ownership of South Deep has now devolved to Goldfields, and is still being developed as one of the largest low grade gold deposits in the world.

In 1995 the majority shareholder, Anglo American Corp, decided to offer JCI to the new political dispensation in South Africa as a Black Empowerment vehicle. A new Chairman, Mzi Khumalo, took over the mining side, whilst the property and investment side was separated and morphed into Johnnic Communications. The platinum interests were moved into Anglo American Platinum, Amplats. JCI was always at the forefront of technical development – trackless mining, ferrochrome processing (CMI, Lydenburg), computer control of process plants, treatment of refractory gold ores – to name a few areas where pioneering work was done.
It has been alleged
 
by Four Corners that Brett Kebble, John Stratton, and others in their roles as Chairman and directors of the company respectively defrauded and conspired to defraud the company of some 7.6 billion rand. Additionally, it was alleged that John Stratton then procured Brett Kebble's murder, with which Glenn Agliotti has been charged.

M.J. Meyer
About 1997, company secretary M.J.Meyer, who had numerous examples of small pieces of the company being taken over for which the company had seldom received payment because they formed part of the new company, issued a substantial quantity of 10c (10% Rand) options. Not many of the shareholders took up the options, which were due to expire unless fully paid up, when a payment came through, enabling him to pay the remaining 90% on the options which the company held. This brought the share price from around 10 Rand to about 4,300 Rand per share, many shareholders choosing to cash in their shares at that price. This made JCI the majority holder of its own shares, and with its diversification into grocery retailing, and away from mining which had exploited its black work force, paying only 10% of the white wage, enabled to company to go on with its one goal, maximising company profits, without exploiting its workers.
Ironically, there has been a move since the death of Meyer, to issue more shares in the company, giving back the hard won gain it made under Meyer.


Flight of the Conchords
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Alcohol


www.

More about sugar and globalisation:

 SUGAR 

Bitter, bitter sweet


Ethanol 
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Grain alcohol" redirects here. For the distilled high-proof liquor of similar name, see neutral grain spirit.
For other uses, see Ethanol (disambiguation).
Ethanol
IUPAC name
Other names Ethyl alcohol; grain alcohol; pure alcohol; hydroxyethane; drinking alcohol; ethyl hydrate; absolute alcohol
Identifiers
CAS number [64-17-5
 
]
PubChem 702
 
RTECS number KQ6300000
SMILES
InChI
ChemSpider ID 682
 
Properties
Molecular formula C2H6O
Molar mass 46.07 g mol−1
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 0.789 g/cm3
Melting point

−114.3 °C, 159 K, -174 °F
Boiling point

78.4 °C, 352 K, 173 °F
Solubility in water miscible
Acidity (pKa) 15.9
Viscosity 1.200 cP (20 °C)
Dipole moment 1.69 D (gas)
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
EU classification Flammable (F)
R-phrases R11
S-phrases (S2) S7 S16
NFPA 704
3
1
0
 
Flash point 13 °C (55.4 °F)
Related compounds
Related compounds methanol, propanol
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties		 n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data		 Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references




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Write your own dynamic code, like that above. Include live clocks, rollover effects, scrollers, form validations, and so on. JavaScript differs from most other programming languages in that it is relatively easy to master, even for people who have absolutely no programming experience whatsoever.
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Chance

 


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Mozilla Firefox


  Mozilla Firefox    web browser (shareware) download for free   (Cool Firefox gear shop)
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Capitol Cinema & Mayfair Dairy


Rent $35 & $50 (see Mayfair)

Capitol Cinema Te Puke
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BNZ Bank Te Puke


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Capitol Records


www.capitolmusic.co.nz/PageHolder.aspx

Capitol Cinema Te Puke
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United Artists

Capitol
Energizer Bunny

The Energizer Bunny is the marketing icon and mascot of Energizer batteries in North America.


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The Beatles


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Beethoven


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EMI


Ethel Mary Investments
http://www.

Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and in modern thermometers. Ethanol is one of the oldest recreational drugs. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as alcohol or spirits.

Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol, and its molecular formula is C2H5OH. Its empirical formula is C2H6O. An alternative notation is CH3-CH2-OH, which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is a constitutional isomer of dimethyl ether. Ethanol is often abbreviated as EtOH, using the common organic chemistry notation of representing the ethyl group (C2H5) with Et.

The fermentation of sugar into ethanol is one of the earliest organic reactions employed by humanity. The intoxicating effects of ethanol consumption have been known since ancient times. In modern times, ethanol intended for industrial use is also produced from by-products of petroleum refining.[1]

Ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. In chemistry, it is both an essential solvent and a feedstock for the synthesis of other products. It has a long history as a fuel for heat and light and also as a fuel for internal combustion engines.

 

 

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